Monday, April 29, 2024

Preservation in Progress: Restoring the Pope-Leighey House Roof National Trust for Historic Preservation

pope leighey house

There is much to research, learn, and uncover, especially of the histories that are painful and difficult to discuss. Frank Lloyd Wright's Pope-Leighey House, which sits on the land of Woodlawn Plantation, is an interesting juxtaposition to the colonial mansion. Many innovative concepts, including spacious interiors, were quickly adapted across America.

t Annual woodlawn Needlework Show

A pilot conservation program was completed that studied the options for creating the best methodologies to clean and protect the exterior siding. Should the wood look weathered or should it be maintained to reflect how it looked when it was built? The original construction specifications treated the interior and exterior wood the same, creating a surface that looked continuous. The Pope-Leighey House and Woodlawn Estate are sites of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. (Woodlawn was part of George Washington’s Mount Vernon.) The Leighey House was moved to the site due to the expansion of Highway 66.

pope leighey house

Check out What’s Going on at Woodlawn & Pope-Leighey House

We partner to play a central role in the region regarding ancestors of the site and the thread through to current descendants and their communities, and connections to other sites in Louisiana and other points along with the slave trade and underground railroad. To learn more about the window restoration project, read Restored Woodlawn Windows Ready for Another 100 Years by National Trust architect Ashley Wilson and Victorian Homes Magazine’s story on the project. Over the years, exposure to the weather has caused the softer early wood of the cypress to deteriorate more rapidly than the harder late wood. This creates a slightly uneven surface and UV exposure has also caused the cypress to gray.

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WOODLAWN MANSION UNDERWOOD ROOM FLOOD RESTORATION PROJECT IN PHOTOGRAPHS JANUARY, 2018

Marjorie lived there until her death in 1983, at which point the home became a full-time museum. The Pope-Leighey House tells the story of Frank Lloyd Wright's innovative designs for modestly-sized and affordable single-family "Usonian" houses and how two families adapted this dwelling to fit their mid-20th century lifestyles. The Pope-Leighey House sits on the grounds of Historic Woodlawn and is open Friday through Monday (March through December only), offering guided tours every half hour from noon until 4 pm. Pope, a writer for the Washington Evening Star, had taken an interest in Wright’s architectural designs in 1938, and met him that same year during a presentation in Washington, D.C. While there, he implored Wright to build a home for him. Wright initially rebuffed him, but reconsidered after Pope wrote him a letter which stroked Wright’s ego and reiterated Pope’s desire to live in a home built by Wright.

One is a working farm, one is a mansion built in 1805 and gifted to Nelly Custis and Lawrence Lewis by none other than the first president of the United States, George Washington. The land is known as Woodlawn, and was originally part of a large plot of land owned by George Washington. But I’m a visitor at Pope-Leighey House, the Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Usonian house in Alexandria, Virginia, and like any good guest, I do as I’m told. During the initial research into new and appropriate roof materials—including Wright's original construction specifications—the design team came across Frank Lloyd Wright's proprietary roofing mixture which he called “wearcoat”. This same mixture of cement, sand, fiberglass, and asphalt was also used in the construction of other similar Usonian homes, though it reportedly failed quickly.

It was completed in 1941, located at 1005 Locust Street, Falls Church, Virginia. Today, Woodlawn’s Needlework Show honors the needlework tradition and recognizes the importance it has had for countless men and women throughout time. By telling a fuller history at Woodlawn, we attempt to mend and make whole the fabric of a community in need of repair. We lift the lives and work of these women, and all who came before and after, so that their contributions may be recognized and celebrated. Needlework has been an integral part of the creation of everyday items, both as a form of function and of beauty, for thousands of years.

This photo essay documents the restoration with a detailed look at some of the challenges and solutions to preserving this historic home for a long time to come. Not all preservation work is as straightforward as maintaining a building exactly where it stands. Sometimes it requires a bit of creativity and an acknowledgement that the work is ongoing and ever changing. It was not long before word of the threatened Wright masterpiece reached the National Park Service, National Trust for Historic Preservation, American Institute of Architects, and even Department of Interior Secretary Stewart Udall.

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The Pope-Leighey House remains to this day a historic property and a hallmark for Frank Lloyd Wright’s Usonian vision. Woodlawn Plantation overlooks the Potomac River on lands first inhabited by the Algonkian-speaking Doeg people. The land was later part of George Washington’s Mount Vernon and was a wedding gift for his step-granddaughter, Nelly Parke Custis, and her husband Lawrence Lewis, Washington’s nephew.

Construction

At this historic site, we are dedicated to filling in the gaps of our site's cultural heritage, especially the stories of enslaved people as well as free Black communities and their descendants. We are home to two iconic properties and a working farm, all set on 126 historic acres in Alexandria, Virginia. Woodlawn, built in 1805, was gifted to Nelly Custis and Lawrence Lewis by George Washington. Woodlawn operated as a plantation where the couple enslaved over 90 men, women, and children of African descent.

The plantation was worked by approximately 90 enslaved women, men, and children. We are in the process of researching the history of the people enslaved at Woodlawn and uncovering and sharing the stories of those who helped build and maintain this historic property. The house is in the shape of an L, a technique Wright often used to incorporate an outdoor garden space. In one wing, there are two bedrooms and a bathroom, and in the other, there is a space which functions as a living room, a dining area, and a library. The height of the living room space is 11.5 feet (3.5 m).[4] The house is one story, but it has two levels to accommodate the natural slope of the land.

Dirt, dust, and debris were caked on its surface, and its raised grain suggested past pressure-washing treatments. The hallway is compressed to save space, and the clerestory windows provide ventilation. That Frank Lloyd Wright—the architect behind Fallingwater, a grand house built over a waterfall in southwestern Pennsylvania, as well as the soaring Guggenheim Museum in New York—would design a house on such a modest budget might surprise some. Wright made adjustments after his original design went well over the Popes’ budget, and construction finally began on July 18, 1940. The board-and-batten walls, bookcases, and ribbon of clerestory windows emphasize horizontality. Woodlawn Plantation overlooks the Potomac River on lands first inhabited by the Algonquin-speaking Doeg people.

pope leighey house

The Pope-Leighey House, formerly known as the Loren Pope Residence, is a “Usonian” style house constructed in 1941. The house was originally built for the Pope family in a series of middle-income residences that Wright designed and built. The house was relocated to the Woodlawn Estates when it was threatened by demolition to make way for Interstate 66 in 1961. Once construction was completed, Wright felt that the cost of the house had become too high. Concerned about the Popes' ability to afford the house, and determined to stick to his Usonian principle of accessibility for the middle class, Wright never requested his final payment.[4] Pope and his family moved into the house in 1941. First built in Falls Church, VA, the Pope-Leighey House was moved to Woodlawn in 1964 because it was at risk of being demolished by the Interstate 66 expansion.

The most accessible of Wright's three surviving Virginia buildings, the Pope-Leighey House is one of his best-known Usonian houses. It was designed and built for Loren and Charlotte Pope and for a site in Falls Church; they sold it in 1947 to Robert and Marjorie Leighey. The construction of I-66 threatened the house, and the National Trust for Historic Preservation acquired it and moved it to Woodlawn Plantation.

The Dairy, a small brick masonry dependency to the south of the mansion, will undergo a brick and mortar restoration, as will the site walls that connect the Dairy and the Smokehouse to the mansion. Lauren Walser served as the Los Angeles-based field editor of Preservation magazine. She enjoys writing and thinking about art, architecture, and public space, and hopes to one day restore her very own Arts and Crafts-style bungalow. Once the wood was cleaned, it couldn’t be left exposed, so all the work had to be completed within 60 days. For the finish to be effectively applied, the temperature had to be between 50 and 90 degrees, meaning this work couldn’t be done in the middle of summer or winter. Plus, the wood moisture content had to be below 11 percent between treatments, meaning there would be a wait time between coatings of the finish.

Amazingly, none of the windows had received much more than cyclical maintenance since they were installed. 2012, therefore, was the year of the window campaign, as most of the windows were removed to a carpenter’s shop for full restoration. The exquisite craftsmanship and joinery of the original cypress windows held up well, and little new material was introduced during conservation. The shutters have also been restored and re-hung on the northwest elevation, which is the current public approach to the building.

Built in Falls Church, Virginia and named after its two owners, the house was completed in 1940. Loren Pope, a journalist, moved into the house with his family in 1941 and six years later sold it to Robert and Marjorie Leighey. In the 1960s, the house was in the path of an expansion of Highway 66 so, in an effort to preserve the building, Mrs. Leighey gave the property to the National Trust, which relocated the entire house to Woodlawn and granted her a lifetime tenancy. Mrs. Leighey continued to live in the house at Woodlawn until her death in 1983. In 1995, a second move was required, just 100 yards, due to the instability of the clay soil. Today, the Pope-Leighey House is the only Wright house in the D.C, Virginia and Maryland area which is regularly open to the public for tours and events and contains much of the original furniture created when it was designed.

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